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Insulated glass units
Framex – quality under any circumstances
A double-glazed window is a structure consisting of two or more parallel glasses that are hermetically connected to each other along the contour, and make up one or more.
Types of double-glazed windows by number of chambers
1. Single-chamber double-glazed windows
It has 2 glasses and 1 air chamber between them, and also provides:
- unobstructed penetration of sunlight into the room;
- a small load on the structure;
- low noise protection;
- Low level thermal insulation.
All characteristics of a single-chamber double-glazed window depend on the type of glass and the distance frame.
The absence of condensation between the glasses is achieved due to the action of a desiccant – a molecular sieve that absorbs all moisture in the chamber.
The thickness of a single-chamber double-glazed window varies in the range of 14-32 mm (regardless of the thickness of the glasses used).
At the same time, it is significantly inferior to double-glazed windows in terms of energy saving and noise insulation.
Advantages
- lightweight, which allows not to load the structure;
- has a high level of light transmission;
- provides sufficient protection against the ingress of cold air;
- Low cost of installation.
Application
Due to its low cost, single-glazed windows are still in demand It is best to choose it for::
- cold glazing of balconies;
- loggias;
- cottages;
- unheated premises (non-residential, industrial);
- balcony blocks overlooking the glazed balcony;
2. Double-glazed windows
Double-glazed windows include three glasses and two air chambers. Compared to single-chamber ones, they have much better thermal and noise insulation. The glass can have both the same thickness and different, this also applies to the width of the distance frames.
Calculations of the energy efficiency of windows prove that in rooms equipped with such with double-glazed windows, the heat loss is significantly less than that of single-chamber versions.
Advantages
Double-glazed windows have a number of advantages over single-glazed and conventional single-layer glass.
Here are some of them:
- have better thermal insulation, which reduces heat loss in winter and provides comfortable indoor conditions;
- more layers of glass and air chambers provide better sound insulation, reducing the level of external noise penetrating the room;
- significantly reduce heat transfer, helping to reduce energy consumption;
- safer in case of impact or attempted hacking;
- provide better protection against ultraviolet radiation, which can cause hardware and interior burnout.
Application
Double-glazed windows are recommended in modern construction in all temperature zones of Ukraine to increase energy efficiency, provide sound insulation and a comfortable microclimate of the premises.
Ideal for use in glazing:
- of Apartments
- cottages;
- оoffice centers.
Types of double-glazed windows by material and method of manufacture
1. Ordinary
A simple double-glazed window consists of float glass sheets separated by remote frames It is considered the simplest type of possible double-glazed windows.
Inside the double-glazed window there is an aluminum distance filled with a molecular sieve – moisture absorber, consisting of special balls that adsorb moisture from the air.
Float glass is thermo-polished sheet glass with slight visual distortions. It is produced by thermally forming a glass strip on a tin melt It has a glossy smooth surface.
The main application of float glass is multi-layer glazing, the production of double-glazed windows and advanced modern glass.
Advantages
Double-glazed windows with float glass are different:
- high optical transparency;
- perfectly flat and parallel surfaces.
Application
Conventional double-glazed windows are used for glazing:
- Windows;
- Doors;
- Glazing of shops windows;
- loggias;
- balconies.
2. Sunscreen (tinted)
Any tinted glass protects the room, things and people from the bright sun and restrains ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet absorption or reflection depends on the type of sunscreen coating: the use of the film gives reflective properties, and the addition of metals to the glass mass gives absorbing properties to the sunscreen glass unit.
The degree of transparency of a sun-protective double-glazed window depends on the thickness of the glass. The thicker the glass, the less transparent it is.
Framex TM offers two types of glass tinting:
Painting in bulk. Tinted glass is obtained during the cooking process by adding metals to the glass mass. Protection from the sun in such glass is due to the absorption of solar energy. At the same time, the tinted glass remains translucent. Different light transmission coefficients are distinguished – above 50% and below 50%. Glass with a low coefficient is not recommended for installation on the facades of buildings. Due to the high degree of thermal energy absorption, such glass can heat up to 90 degrees and collapse. Framex TM offers the colors of tinted glass “graphite” and “bronze”.
Tinting with polymer film. The surface of the glass is covered with a tinting film SUN CONTROL, then inserted into the double-glazed window. The tinted glass is placed with a film inside the air chamber, which protects its surface from damage and contamination. Framex TM offers its customers tinted glass in the color “mirror bronze” and “mirror silver”.
Advantages
Sun-protective (tinted) double-glazed windows have a number of advantages:
- cannot be burned out in the sun;
- reduce the heating of the room, which significantly saves the budget;
- reduce the heating of the room, which significantly saves the budget;
- give a stylish look to the interior;
- such windows are much more difficult to break (when tinted with film)
Application
Sun-protective double-glazed windows are used in windows that are installed on the sunny side As a rule – on balconies or loggias, as well as in office premises where air conditioning is actively used.
3. Energy saving
3.1 Energy-saving low-emission i-glass
Energy-saving low-emission i-glass is an ordinary transparent glass of high quality with a special metallized coating to increase its energy-saving properties. A special spraying is applied to the glass, including silver ions. This layer allows solar heat into the room, but does not release heat from heated objects, returning it back.
Energy-efficient double-glazed windows are aimed specifically at keeping heat inside the room. The presence of two energy-saving glasses reliably keeps the heat energy in the room.
Properties:
- energy-saving i-glass must be sealed in a double-glazed window by spraying inside, as it can be significantly damaged even by light mechanical impact;
- does not like i-glass and prolonged exposure to oxygen (ie you should not store an open pallet of i-glass for more than two weeks);
- when working with i-glass there is also a need for stripping (ie removal) energy-saving coating along the entire edge of the glass, so that at the point of its contact with the remote frame, corrosion of the coating from the edge to the center does not begin over time, as well as to increase the adhesion of the sealing layer to the energy-saving glass
Advantages of a double-glazed unit with energy-saving i-glass:
- the room is cooler in summer and warmer in winter;
- prevents burnout of interior items – wallpaper, paintings, carpets;
- heat saving (compared to conventional double-glazed windows) is 78%;
- has a high coefficient of light transmission – up to 88%.
Application
Ideal for use in windows located on the sunny side of buildings Ensure that the optimum temperature is maintained inside (50–60% lower operating costs of the heating or air conditioning system are required).
3.2 Filling the double-glazed window with inert gases (argon, krypton)
In a conventional double-glazed window in the chambers there is dried air, but if you want to get additional thermal insulation, you should use the filling of double-glazed windows with inert gases (argon, krypton).
Argon and krypton are chemical elements classified as noble gases. They practically do not enter into any reactions with other chemical elements and therefore belong to inert gases. Non-flammable, colorless and odorless, harmless to health and the environment.
Argon is cheap in production and is actively used in various industries. Krypton has a higher density and viscosity, which contributes to an increase in heat transfer resistance, but has a higher cost compared to argon.
The thermal conductivity of the inert gas is significantly lower than that of air, which is due to its increased density, which reduces the rate of convection (air exchange), thereby increasing the thermal insulation characteristics.
In terms of technical characteristics, such a single-chamber double-glazed window is comparable to a two-chamber one filled with air. As a result, the window structure turns out to be much lighter, which reduces the load on the doors and hardware. Such windows are much less likely to fail and serve for a long time.
Another argon (krypton) in double-glazed windows, reflecting UV rays, protects hardware, wallpaper and other items in the room from premature aging.
On average, filling with argon reduces heat loss by 15% relative to normal dried air And a double-glazed window filled with krypton improves thermal protection by 25 times compared to air-filled double-glazed windows.
To inject gas into the insulated glass unit, a special valve is installed through which the space is filled with gas. The tightness of such a valve and the sealing of the glass to the spacer frame affect how long the gas will remain in the insulated glass unit.
When using a remote frame on 4-angle connectors, gas losses per year are 30-40%, and only when using a flexible frame with 1 direct connector can you get a gas leakage of no more than 06% per year, which corresponds to EU standards.
Advantages
Insulating glass units filled with inert gas:
- allow maintaining a comfortable temperature in the rooms, preserving warmth during winter and a pleasant coolness during hot summers;
- contribute to increasing the level of sound insulation of windows;
- More reliable in operation due to their lighter weight and reduced load on the window sashes and hardware;
- Reflect a greater portion of ultraviolet radiation;
- They protect surfaces from fading, premature aging of furniture, wallpaper, and other items in the room.
Application
Modern double-glazed windows with inert gas instead of air in the inner chamber are ideally suited for residential homes and offices, protecting them from street noise and heat loss.
The optimal solution for manufacturing the perfect double-glazed window. It combines the durability of stainless steel with the energy efficiency of plastic, which significantly reduces the cooling of the edge area of the double-glazed window, prevents the formation of condensation and mold around the window.
It increases the energy-saving properties of the double-glazed window by 10-12% It reduces the freezing of the edge area of the double-glazed window by 50% It reduces heating and air conditioning costs by 5-7% It contributes to creating a more comfortable and healthy living environment.
4. Multifunctional
A multifunctional double-glazed window combines two crucial properties – energy efficiency and sun protection. This is a light-transmitting structure made of glass with a multi-layer coating. The entire functionality of the double-glazed window is provided by its complex structure.
Multifunctional glass has at least three layers of coating:
- The outer layers are formed using nitrides and oxides and determine the reflectivity, light transmission properties, and even the overall tint of the coating;
- The protective coating is designed to protect the main layer from damage of any kind, as well as to absorb heat;
- The functional layer, based on silver or chrome, is responsible for reflecting long-wave and short-wave heat;
- Reflect most of the ultraviolet radiation;
- Protect against surface fading, premature aging of furniture, wallpaper and other items in the room.
Most often, exterior glass has a certain shade with a mirror effect on the outside, without darkening the room. It can be a shade of bronze, gray, silver, green or other colors. This glass looks transparent from the inside. It has a double effect: it retains heat in winter and prevents sunlight from entering in summer by 57%.
Multifunctional glass replaces one energy-saving glass pane in a double-glazed unit. The energy efficiency will be slightly lower, but in summer it perfectly protects the interior from solar heat.
Преимущества мультифункционального стеклопакета:
- Reduction of excessive heat in summer due to reflection of heat rays;
- The effect of energy-saving glass for efficient heat retention during the cold period;
- Savings on electricity due to the reduced need to keep heaters and air conditioners constantly running;
- Maintaining a comfortable temperature indoors;
- Ultraviolet filtration protects furniture, wallpaper, curtains, and carpeting from fading.
Features of use:
- The multilayer coating reduces the amount of sunlight entering indoors by at least 15%. At first glance, this is not noticeable, but rooms become darker, especially on cloudy days. Therefore, such double-glazed windows are not recommended in spaces with natural lighting, as well as in rooms where the ratio of window area to floor area is less than 0,18;
- The multifunctional coating is considered soft, so it should be handled with utmost care It is important not to allow paint to come into contact with such glass, apply adhesive films to it, subject it to sandblasting, or use abrasive cleaning agents;
- Less amount of solar heat penetrates throughout the year, meaning that in winter, the already minimal additional warming from solar heat is reduced.
5. Impact-resistant
Glass is a fragile material that can be broken accidentally This is where impact-resistant double-glazed windows come in handy However, the main purpose of impact-resistant glass is to prevent forced entry by intruders into a building by breaking the window glass.
Experts at Framex offer the following options for protecting glass from breaking:
Laminating glass with a special impact-resistant film
It strengthens the glazing and prevents the scattering of small glass fragments upon impact It features a special protective layer that guards against damage Safety glass is produced by laminating it with a special impact-resistant film, Safety GG-4 4 mil, which is 115 microns thick.
Triplex glass
Triplex is a multilayered glass consisting of two or more sheets of glass bonded together with a polymer interlayer Thanks to its properties, with appropriate parameters determined by the number of layers and their thickness, triplex can withstand significant loads and adverse weather conditions.
Tempered glass
This is glass that has undergone thermal tempering Tempered glass can be clear, with solid or artistic frosting, tinted—bronze or graphite, or tinted with frosting.
This is a type of patterned glass that is considered safe and fire-resistant. Thanks to a mesh made of metal wire with a protective aluminum coating, when impacted or exposed to fire, it shatters but does not break into fragments, held together by the reinforcement. However, reinforcement effectively reduces the mechanical strength of the glass by half.
Advantages
Using impact-resistant double-glazed windows offers several advantages:
- are extremely strong, durable and safe;
- when the glass is impacted, its fragments do not fly apart, but are firmly held on an elastic polymer film or reinforcement;
- It will take much longer for burglars to get inside the room by breaking the impact-resistant glass;
- limit the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, which protects furniture and wallpaper from fading;
- provide better sound insulation because laminated glass reduces the impact of sound vibrations.
Application
Impact-resistant glazing is recommended for use on the ground floors of urban buildings or in private country houses.
They are typically used for glazing facades, shop windows, retail spaces, conservatories, windows, and doors.
Reinforced glass is primarily used in industrial facilities and for glazing doors in building entrances, balcony openings, and windows.
6. Soundproof Insulating Glass Units
Noise is a chaotic collection of sounds with varying levels of impact and frequency Every day, human ears recognize hundreds of sounds, including irritating ones, which negatively affect health, tone, and overall well-being.
Residents of megacities, where there is a huge number of sources of extraneous noise, are more prone to the development of coronary heart disease and hypertension.
As a result of independent research, it has been found that places with high noise levels reduce human productivity by an average of 10%. The frequency of minor health problems increases threefold.
An apartment is the only place for a city dweller that allows one to rest from routine tasks and external noises It is crucial that the noise level here does not exceed established limits.
Windows are the only source through which external noises penetrate Current legislation stipulates that the maximum noise level at night should not exceed 30 dB, and during the day, 40 dB.
The large glass area of modern windows turns the insulated glass unit into a membrane that picks up external noise and transmits it inside the building The noise level can be reduced in several ways:
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Using glass panes of different thicknesses is a practical method to reduce noise. A thicker outer pane can more effectively dampen external noise. Additionally, the difference in glass thickness within the insulated glass unit creates an extra barrier against the propagation of sound waves. This variance helps in disrupting the path of the sound, making it less coherent and reducing its impact inside.
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Using a double-glazed unit with varying spacer widths can significantly enhance sound insulation. Standard double-glazed windows already provide better noise reduction compared to single-glazed ones. By varying the width of the spacers between the panes, you create different resonant frequencies and disrupt sound wave transmission even more effectively. This variation in spacer width makes it harder for sound waves to penetrate fully, leading to more noticeable reductions in sound levels inside the building.
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Filling the chambers with inert gas. Due to its higher viscosity (compared to air), argon (or krypton) transmits sound significantly worse, providing sound insulation.
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Using laminated glass as the exterior pane. Yes, laminated glass is installed for safety reasons, not sound insulation. But a pair of thin glasses bonded with a nitrocellulose film into a resilient system provides significantly better sound insulation—silence in the room becomes an additional bonus.
Advantages
Advantages of soundproofing double-glazed windows:
- high level of sound insulation;
- reduction of vibrations;
- increased glass strength;
- silence and comfort.
Application
Recommended for glazing windows, balconies, and loggias in buildings located near roads with heavy traffic, railways, airports, as well as in private houses.
Reference materials
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